Chhath songs, sung during Chhath Puja, express women's emotions—their social realities, pain, aspirations, and prayers for family well-being. This four-day festival begins three days after Bhai Dooj and culminates on Kartik Shukla Shashthi.

The first day, Nahay-Khay, involves ritual cleansing and a simple vegetarian meal. The second day, Kharna, includes a daylong fast broken with sweet offerings like kheer, followed by a 36-hour waterless fast. On the third day, women gather near rivers to offer Arghya to the setting sun, and the next morning to the rising sun. Amidst rows of lamps, they sing traditional Chhath songs, invoking Lord Surya and his consorts Usha and Pratyusha for peace and prosperity.